Backing Up Mediawiki

I typically run backups in a Weekly \ Monthly \ Annual mode (ongoing) approach so that at the start of the new year, I've got 65 backups of the web directories and the databases shuttled off to another server. The weekly\monthly overwrite as the year progresses, but the annual is there for all time.

Below is the basis for my Weekly script.

#!/bin/bash
# ==============================================================================
# Weekly LAMP Backup Script
# ==============================================================================

# #### Configuration Variables ####
SERVER_NAME="MyServer2026"
PERIOD_TYPE="Weekly"
# %V gives the ISO week number (01-53), resetting each year
PERIOD_COUNTER=$(date +%V)
BUNDLE_NAME="${SERVER_NAME}_${PERIOD_TYPE}-${PERIOD_COUNTER}.tar.gz"

STAGING_DIR="/home/somedirectory/backups"
LOG_FILE="/home/somedirectory/scripts/BackupSync-$(date +%Y).log"

# User Provided Lists
WEB_ROOT="/var/www/html"
WEB_DIRS_FILE="/home/somedirectory/scripts/web_dirs.txt"
DATABASES_FILE="/home/somedirectory/scripts/databases.txt"

mapfile -t WEB_DIRS < <(grep -vE '^\s*#|^\s*$' "$WEB_DIRS_FILE")
mapfile -t DATABASES < <(grep -vE '^\s*#|^\s*$' "$DATABASES_FILE")

# Database Credentials
MYSQL_USER="dbBackup"
MYSQL_PASS_FILE="/home/somedirectory/.backupCredsMySQL"

# QNAP NAS Configuration
QNAP_IP="192.168.123.123"
QNAP_USER="BackupUser"
QNAP_PASS_FILE="/home/somedirectory/.qnapUpload"
QNAP_DEST_DIR="/share/Public/WebserverBackups/MyServer2026/Weekly"     # Adjust to your actual QNAP share path

# #### Functions ####
log_event() {
    # Standard log format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS - Message
    echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

# #### Pre-flight Checks ####
# 1. Staging Directory Check
if [ ! -d "$STAGING_DIR" ]; then
    mkdir -p "$STAGING_DIR"
fi

if [ ! -w "$STAGING_DIR" ]; then
    echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - CRITICAL: Staging directory $STAGING_DIR is unavailable or not writable! Exiting."
    exit 1
fi

# 2. QNAP Password File Check
if [ ! -f "$QNAP_PASS_FILE" ]; then
    log_event "CRITICAL: sshpass file $QNAP_PASS_FILE not found! Exiting."
    exit 1
fi

# 3. MySQL Password File Check
if [ ! -f "$MYSQL_PASS_FILE" ]; then
    log_event "CRITICAL: MySQL password file $MYSQL_PASS_FILE not found! Exiting."
    exit 1
fi
# 4. List Files Check
if [ ! -f "$WEB_DIRS_FILE" ]; then
    log_event "CRITICAL: Web directory list file $WEB_DIRS_FILE not found! Exiting."
    exit 1
fi

if [ ! -f "$DATABASES_FILE" ]; then
    log_event "CRITICAL: Database list file $DATABASES_FILE not found! Exiting."
    exit 1
fi



log_event "=== Starting $PERIOD_TYPE Backup sequence ==="

# #### 1. MySQL Database Exports ####
log_event "Starting MySQL exports..."
for db in "${DATABASES[@]}"; do
    log_event "Exporting database: $db"
    if mysqldump -u "$MYSQL_USER" -p"$(cat "$MYSQL_PASS_FILE")" "$db" > "$STAGING_DIR/${db}.sql"; then
        log_event "Successfully exported $db"
    else
        log_event "ERROR: Failed to export $db"
    fi
done

# #### 2. Web Directories Archiving ####
log_event "Starting Web Directory compression..."
for dir in "${WEB_DIRS[@]}"; do
    if [ -d "$WEB_ROOT/$dir" ]; then
        log_event "Compressing directory: $dir"
        # Added _web suffix to distinguish intermediate archives from the master bundle
        if tar -czf "$STAGING_DIR/${dir}_web.tar.gz" -C "$WEB_ROOT" "$dir"; then
            log_event "Successfully compressed $dir"
        else
            log_event "ERROR: Failed to compress $dir."
        fi
    else
        log_event "WARNING: Directory $WEB_ROOT/$dir does not exist. Skipping."
    fi
done

# #### 3. Final Bundling ####
log_event "Bundling files into $BUNDLE_NAME..."
cd "$STAGING_DIR" || exit 1

# Exclude the destination bundle and specifically target intermediate files
if tar --exclude="$BUNDLE_NAME" -czf "$BUNDLE_NAME" *.sql *_web.tar.gz; then
    log_event "Successfully created master bundle: $BUNDLE_NAME."
    # Clean up intermediate files
    rm -f *.sql *_web.tar.gz
else
    log_event "CRITICAL: Failed to create master bundle! Exiting."
    exit 1
fi

# #### 4. Rsync to QNAP ####
log_event "Initiating rsync transfer to QNAP NAS ($QNAP_IP)..."

if sshpass -f "$QNAP_PASS_FILE" rsync -avz -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" "$STAGING_DIR/$BUNDLE_NAME" "${QNAP_USER}@${QNAP_IP}:${QNAP_DEST_DIR}/"; then
    log_event "SUCCESS: Transfer of $BUNDLE_NAME to QNAP completed."
    
    # #### 5. Cleanup ####
    log_event "Performing local cleanup..."
    rm -f "$STAGING_DIR/$BUNDLE_NAME"
    log_event "Removed local copy of $BUNDLE_NAME to conserve disk space."
else
    log_event "ERROR: Rsync transfer failed! Leaving $BUNDLE_NAME in staging area for manual review."
fi

log_event "=== $PERIOD_TYPE Backup sequence finished ==="